How To Identify Cystic Acne
Cystic acne is a severe form of acne (1). It is formed deeper within the skin and is larger than any other form of acne. The cysts have a smooth surface and appear a bit shinier due to the tightness of the skin. Cystic acne usually appear on the face, neck, back, chest, arms, and behind the ears. It occurs as painful large pus-filled white bumps. Redness and inflammation are other identifying characteristics of this condition. Cystic acne usually leaves permanent deep pits (ice pick scars) or shallow depressions on the skin. From hormonal changes in puberty to using certain skin care products, several reasons can trigger cystic acne. Scroll down to know more about it!
Causes Of Cystic Acne
Acne is caused when dirt, impurities, sebum, and bacteria get trapped in the skin pores, leading to inflammation. When the infection is deep, and the inflammation is severe, cysts or nodules are formed. The hormonal changes in adolescence are a major factor behind cystic acne. High androgen levels may increase sebum production and clog the pores, trapping dirt and bacteria. Other factors that may trigger cystic acne include:
Hormonal fluctuation during pregnancy, menstrual cycle, and menopause Certain medications like corticosteroids, birth control pills, and hormonal therapies Certain chemicals in skin care products Genetics and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Cystic acne is problematic and needs immediate attention and care. Find some of the best natural ways to soothe painful cystic acne below.
Home Remedies For Cystic Acne
Note: These remedies will not treat cystic acne. They may only help in soothing the inflammation.
1. Baking Soda
You Will Need
1-2 tablespoons of baking soda 1 tablespoon of water
What You Need To Do How Often? Once or twice a week. Why This Works Baking soda fights acne-causing bacteria and dries up excess sebum to reduce the inflammation (2). Apply the paste to the affected area in slow, circular motions.
2. Apple Cider Vinegar
You Will Need
1 tablespoon of raw apple cider vinegar Cotton buds 1 tablespoon of water
What You Need To Do How Often? Do this twice a day. Why This Works Apple cider vinegar is said to balance the skin pH, helping maintain its acid mantle and soothing the inflammation.
3. Epsom Salt
You Will Need
2 tablespoons of Epsom salt 1 ½ tablespoons of baking soda Warm water
What You Need To Do How Often? Do this every alternate day. Why This Works Epsom salt has pain-relieving properties and is often used in traditional remedies. It may help reduce swelling and pain and provide relief. This remedy works best for oily to combination skin types. Caution: The paste can dry the skin. Seek medical help if you experience irritation.
4. Neem Oil
You Will Need
2-3 drops of pure neem oil Cotton pads
What You Need To Do How Often? Do this two to three times a day. Why This Works Neem oil is used as an alternative remedy for acne (3). It may help reduce inflammation and redness associated with cystic acne.
5. Witch Hazel
You Will Need
1 teaspoon of witch hazel Cotton ball
What You Need To Do How Often? Use it twice or thrice every day as a toner after you wash your face. Why This Works The antiseptic and astringent properties of witch hazel can soothe acne and reduce inflammation (4). Home remedies may only help manage the redness and inflammation. You need proper treatment for cystic acne. Check out the over-the-counter treatment methods available for cystic acne below.
Treatments Options For Cystic Acne
1. Retinoids And Isotretinoin
Retinoids and isotretinoin are vitamin A derivatives and potent prescription medications for cystic acne (5), (6). These are usually available in the forms of creams, lotions, and ointments. Doctors often prescribe oral Accutane for treating severe cystic acne. However, avoid taking this if you are pregnant, as it may cause birth defects. Other potential side effects include mood disorders, liver problems, dry eyes, blood in urine, increased skin sensitivity to the sun, and muscle or joint pains (7). Hence, talk about all possible side effects with your doctor before starting the medication.
2. Oral Antibiotics
Oral antibiotics can treat severe inflammatory acne. These are often combined with topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide to reduce inflammatory and comedonal lesions. Antibiotics like tetracyclines (doxycycline and minocycline) and macrolides (azithromycin and erythromycin) have antibacterial effects and reduce the proliferation of acne-causing bacteria (8). Oral antibiotics also cause some side effects, including sun sensitivity, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Consult your doctor before using them.
3. Spironolactone And Corticosteroids
Spironolactone is a steroid used for treating severe acne. Studies found that a dose of 50 to 100 mg per day could reduce excess sebum production and reduce inflammation (9). Spironolactone and corticosteroids can regulate excess androgen levels and reduce acne inflammation. This treatment is often prescribed for treating hormonal acne. However, it may cause breast enlargement in men (10). Also, if you are pregnant, consult a doctor before taking steroids and spironolactone.
4. Oral Contraceptives
Oral contraceptives are a viable option for controlling hormonal fluctuation and acne. Birth control pills balance estrogen levels, decrease androgen levels, and reduce sebum production to reduce acne (11). However, these are not suitable for everyone. Avoid oral contraceptives if you smoke, have blood clot issues, or trying to get pregnant. Women may experience side effects like breast tenderness, increased vaginal discharge, abdominal cramping, nausea, and headaches (12). It may rarely cause adverse effects like blood clots and heart attacks, especially in women over 35 years.
5. Benzoyl Peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide is available as cleansing liquids and bars, lotions, creams, and gels. It is a bactericidal, keratolytic (breaks down outer layers of skin), and comedolytic (prevents comedone formation) agent. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that reduce acne-causing bacteria and prevent new lesions (13), (14). Alcohol-based formulations of benzoyl peroxide have a drying effect, making them suitable for oily skin. However, excessive use of benzoyl peroxide may cause skin irritation. Apart from systemic treatments and home remedies, the following tips can help you prevent or reduce the risk of worsening your acne.
How To Prevent Cystic Acne
Cleanse your face twice a day. Avoid using rough scrubs, strong cleansers, and soaps. Use a gentle cleanser in the morning and before sleeping. Rinse your face with lukewarm water. Wear sunscreen to prevent sunburns and tanning. Avoid touching, scratching, and rubbing the acne lesions. If you have an oily scalp, shampoo your hair regularly. Use non-comedogenic and oil-free skin care products.
Can you pop cystic acne? No. Popping cystic acne can introduce more bacteria into the pore, worsening the infection. Does cystic acne go away? No. Cystic acne may improve with treatment, but it won’t go away. How long does cystic acne last? With proper treatment, you may expect cystic acne to improve by 8-12 weeks. However, the recovery depends on the severity and may leave behind scars. Does stress cause cystic acne? Yes. Stress can trigger your oil glands and cause an acne flare-up (1).
